What is the price of an ERE?
There is no fixed price for one ERE certificate: supply and demand determine the value, and it changes every week. The calculation value we use, with its reference date and range, is on our ERE price page; on 23 September 2026 it was €0.445 per ERE, about €0.15 gross per charged kWh. In this article we explain how the price comes about, why it fluctuates and what that means for your payout.
What is an ERE?
One ERE (Emission Reduction Unit) equals one kilogram of avoided CO₂ emissions, calculated over the full life cycle against a fossil reference value set at European level. ERE certificates are managed in the Register Energie Vervoer (REV) by the Dutch Emissions Authority (NEa), the regulator that supervises this system.
How is the price of an ERE determined?
The ERE price comes about through supply and demand on the market. Two sides influence the price:
The demand side: fuel suppliers
Oil and fuel companies are legally required to offset part of their CO₂ emissions. This follows from the Fuel Transition Obligation (BTV), the successor to the Annual Transport Energy Obligation — administered by the Dutch Emissions Authority (NEa). To meet this obligation, they buy ERE certificates. The higher the obligation, the more certificates they need — and the greater the demand.
The BTV applies per sector - EREs from home charging count as ERE-E (electricity) and mainly benefit the land sector.
The supply of EREs comes from parties that demonstrably save CO₂. Think of:
Home chargers who have their kWh registered via a charge point with a MID meter.
Public and semi-public charging points.
Biofuel suppliers that bring renewable fuels to market.
RFNBO suppliers (Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin) that supply renewable fuels of non-biological origin, such as renewable hydrogen or e-fuels.
EREs are issued for every form of demonstrable CO₂ reduction in transport — whether that is renewable electricity or biofuels. The total supply from all these sources helps determine the market price.
The more certificates are available on the market, the lower the price can go — and vice versa.
Price explanation and market indicator
The payout for EREs (Emission Reduction Units) is determined by the current market value on the emissions market. Three factors matter here: the gross market price, the sales costs on the emissions market and the booking service provider's commission.
Providers collect kWh and sell the CO2 reduction (EREs) on the open market to fuel suppliers.
±1.5% is withheld for the transaction on the trading exchange (sales costs on the emissions market).
The booking service provider withholds a percentage for audit, NEa registration and administration.
Business drivers can deduct the VAT on the commission; for private individuals the commission includes 21% VAT.
In our comparison tool you see the earnings after deduction of all of the costs above.
Market value on 23 September 2026
€0.445 per ERE
Range: €0.44 – €0.45
≈ €0.15 per charged kWh
The current value and the full history are on our ERE price page.
From kWh to certificate: how does the conversion work?
One charged kWh does not automatically produce one ERE certificate. The conversion is based on a formula set at European level (from the revised European Renewable Energy Directive, RED III, 2023, which lays down the CO₂ calculation method for transport fuels), in which the CO₂ emissions of fossil fuel serve as the reference.
The NEa's formula is:
Number of ERE-E = electricity supplied [kWh] × renewable share [%] × 183 [g/MJ] × 3.6 [MJ/kWh] ÷ 1,000
183 g/MJ is the European figure for the CO₂ emissions of fossil fuel (the emissions you avoid with your green electricity).
3.6 is the fixed number for converting kilowatt hours (electricity) into megajoules (the European measure of energy).
Renewable share is the percentage of green electricity used for charging.
For private individuals, the average share of renewable energy in the Dutch electricity grid is the starting point. In 2026 that is around 50.5%. Filled in, the formula gives: 1 kWh × 0.505 × 183 × 3.6 ÷ 1,000 = around 0.33 ERE per charged kWh.
Do you have solar panels? As a private individual you then do not receive more ERE certificates than someone without panels — the NEa itself calls this a common misconception (source: NEa guidance document on booking electricity for private individuals).
For business users, it is possible to demonstrate that the electricity supplied is 100% renewable — for example via an exclusive green connection or a separate metering setup with the associated Guarantees of Origin (GoOs). An ordinary 'green energy contract' is not enough for this; you need GoOs that are linked to the booked electricity. In that case the renewable share is set at 100%: 1 kWh × 1.0 × 183 × 3.6 ÷ 1,000 = around 0.66 ERE per kWh.
Note: to be allowed to book electricity with the NEa yourself, you need at least 2 million kWh per year. Parties below this volume (such as home chargers) need a booking service provider.
Note - you cannot book with the NEa yourself
To be allowed to book electricity with the NEa yourself, you need at least 2 million kWh per year. Parties below this volume (such as home chargers) need a booking service provider.
Why does the ERE price fluctuate?
The ERE price is not stable. Various factors can make the price rise or fall over time.
Factors that can push the price up
Rising legal obligation — the mandatory reduction percentage for fuel suppliers (land sector) rises from 14.4% in 2026 to 28.4% in 2030. This means that demand for ERE certificates increases structurally.
More ambitious climate targets — should the government tighten its CO₂ targets further, fuel suppliers will need even more certificates.
Seasonal demand — around the annual submission date under the BTV, demand can peak temporarily, which drives up the price.
Speculative trading — as on other commodity markets, traders can anticipate expected price movements, which can temporarily drive up the price.
Possible link with ETS-2 — the ERE-E unit was introduced partly to anticipate a possible link with the European emissions trading system ETS-2. If that link goes ahead, it could become a significant price-setting factor.
Factors that can push the price down
Growth of electric transport — the more EV drivers there are and the more charging points are connected, the larger the supply of EREs. That can put the price under pressure.
Greener electricity grid — a higher share of renewable energy in the grid means more EREs per kWh for all chargers. That increases the total supply.
International biofuel market — biofuels are still a major source of EREs. Lower biofuel prices, more imports (including from Southeast Asia) or lower raw material prices can increase the total supply.
Regulatory changes — adjustments to the fossil reference value (currently 183 g/MJ for electricity), double-counting rules or other policy changes can affect the value of EREs.
What do you get for an ERE as a charge point owner?
As a home charger you do not receive a direct payment per ERE certificate. The process works as follows:
Charging data — your charge point (with MID meter) measures exactly how many kWh you have charged. The MID meter must physically sit in the charge point itself; a separate meter in the meter cupboard is not enough.
Booking — your booking service provider reads the charging data, registers the kWh with the Dutch Emissions Authority (NEa) in the REV and receives ERE certificates in return. For this, the booking service provider only gets read access to your charge point and cannot change any settings.
Sale — the booking service provider sells the certificates on the market to fuel suppliers.
Payout — you receive a payout per charged kWh, minus the booking service provider's commission and the sales costs on the emissions market (±1.5%).
Who receives the payout? The payout goes to the contract holder of the electricity connection, as registered in the Centraal Aansluitingenregister (CAR). This is relevant for tenants, for situations where the contract is in a partner's name, and for business situations.
When is the payout made? Most booking service providers pay out quarterly or annually. The NEa's renewed REV has been open since 17 August 2026: EREs can now be booked and transferred to another account, and the NEa is adding more functions later this year. The payouts apply retroactively from 1 January 2026.
Booking deadline: EREs for booking year 2026 must be booked in the REV before 1 March 2027.
Mind the authorisation: the authorisation you give your booking service provider applies for at least one calendar year. You cannot switch partway through the same booking year.
At our calculation value of 23 September 2026 (€0.445 per ERE), a charged kWh works out to a gross payout of around €0.15, depending on the market price per certificate at the time of sale.
Note: these are gross earnings. The sales costs on the emissions market (±1.5%) and your booking service provider's commission still come off this. Compare booking service providers in our comparison tool to see which commission and terms providers apply.
Tax note
The Dutch Tax Administration (Belastingdienst) may regard the ERE payout as taxable income. How it is taxed depends on your personal situation and any agreements with your employer or lease company. If in doubt, consult a tax adviser.
How much can you earn from EREs per year?
Your final earnings depend on four factors:
The number of kWh you charge per year.
The market price of ERE certificates at the time of sale.
The commission your booking service provider charges.
The fixed sales costs on the emissions market (± 1.5%)
Find the best booking service provider
Compare ERE booking service providers with our independent comparison tool and secure the most favourable terms.
Compare nowCalculation example: Private individual (Home charger)
Based on 4,500 kWh of charging per year.
Calculation example: Business (Office / VvE)
Based on 75,000 kWh of charging per year
How will the ERE price develop?
No one can predict exactly how the price will develop, but there are two clear opposing forces:
Pushing the price up: the legal reduction obligation for fuel suppliers (land sector) almost doubles — from 14.4% in 2026 to 28.4% in 2030. That means structurally more demand for ERE certificates.
Pushing the price down: the number of electric cars and charging points is growing fast, and the electricity grid is getting ever greener. That increases supply.
Historical context: under the previous HBE system (until the end of 2025), the price per HBE fluctuated roughly between €10 and €15 per unit. Because 1 HBE was converted into 46 EREs at the transition to ERE, the implied ERE value based on those HBE prices was around €0.22 to €0.33 per ERE — which puts the Q1 2026 range of €0.30 to €0.46, and our calculation values, from €0.495 in early July to €0.445 at the end of September 2026, in historical perspective.
Duration of the scheme: the ERE scheme has been set for a period of five years, with an optional extension of another five years. This gives participants some certainty about the availability of the scheme in the medium term.
The final price depends on the balance between this demand and this supply.
Frequently asked questions about the ERE price
What is the price of an ERE?
An ERE (Emission Reduction Unit) is a certificate that is issued for demonstrable CO₂ savings in transport, for example through electric charging. There is no fixed price: the value follows supply and demand. Our calculation value on 23 September 2026 was €0.445 per ERE, about €0.15 gross per charged kWh; the current value is on our ERE price page.
Is the ERE price fixed?
No. ERE certificates are traded on an open market, comparable to other commodity markets. The price changes continuously based on supply and demand. There is no fixed price set by the government — and therefore no fixed amount per charged kWh either, as the NEa stresses (source: NEa guidance document on booking electricity for private individuals).
How many EREs do I get per kWh?
According to the NEa, the grid average is the starting point for private individuals — in 2026 that is around 50.5% renewable. That yields about 0.33 ERE per charged kWh. Business users can receive more if they can demonstrate that they use a higher percentage of renewable energy.
Do I get more EREs if I have solar panels?
No, not as a private individual. For private individuals, the Dutch Emissions Authority (NEa) calculates with the average renewable share in the electricity grid, regardless of whether you have solar panels. You do save on your energy bill because you charge for free with your own electricity, but you do not receive more ERE certificates. Only business users who can demonstrate that their electricity is 100% renewable qualify for higher earnings.
How much can I earn from EREs per year?
That depends on how many kWh you charge per year, the market price at the time of sale and your booking service provider's commission. An indication: a home charger who charges 4,500 kWh per year generates around 1,500 EREs. At our calculation value of 23 September 2026 (€0.445 per ERE), that is €667.50 gross. After deducting ±1.5% sales costs on the emissions market and a commission of 20% (incl. VAT), around €526 net remains. If you charge more or less, your earnings scale proportionally. See the full calculation examples for private individuals and businesses above.
What is the difference between gross and net earnings?
Gross earnings are the sales value of your EREs based on the current market price. Net earnings are what you actually receive. Two cost items come off: the sales costs on the emissions market (±1.5% for the transaction on the trading exchange) and your booking service provider's commission (for audit, NEa registration and administration). That commission differs per provider and includes 21% VAT for private individuals; business drivers can deduct the VAT. Compare providers via our comparison tool to see what you keep net.
Can the ERE price still rise?
That is possible. The legal reduction obligation for fuel suppliers rises from 14.4% in 2026 to 28.4% in 2030, which structurally increases demand for ERE certificates. On the other hand, supply is also growing because of more electric cars and a greener electricity grid. The eventual direction depends on the balance between supply and demand.
When do I receive my ERE payout?
You receive the payout via your booking service provider. Most booking service providers pay out quarterly or annually, sometimes only once a minimum threshold has been reached. The NEa's renewed REV has been open since 17 August 2026; payouts apply retroactively from 1 January 2026, so signing up later does not cost you any kWh. The booking deadline for booking year 2026 is 1 March 2027. Check the terms of your specific booking service provider.
How does the ERE payout differ per booking service provider?
Booking service providers use different commission percentages and payout terms. The gross market price per kWh is the same for everyone, but what you receive net differs. It pays to compare providers on commission, payout frequency and contract terms. Also bear in mind that an authorisation runs for at least one calendar year and that switching partway through the same booking year is not possible.
How long are ERE certificates valid?
ERE certificates are valid for three years from the date of issue. Once that period has expired, they can no longer be used to meet the BTV obligation. This is relevant for the timing of the sale, but for home chargers who work via a booking service provider, it is usually handled automatically.
Can I also take part as an Owners' Association (VvE) or as the owner of a public charge point?
Yes. Owners' Associations (VvEs) can also take part, provided the charge point has a MID meter and the VvE is the contract holder of the connection. Owners of public and semi-public charging points can also generate EREs; the basic requirements (MID meter, EAN registration, booking service provider) are comparable to those for home chargers, but the specific procedure may differ.
What is the difference between an ERE and an HBE?
An HBE (Renewable Fuel Unit) was the previous certificate under the Annual Transport Energy Obligation, until the end of 2025. Since 1 January 2026 it has been replaced by the ERE system under the Fuel Transition Obligation (BTV). The main differences: EREs are based on CO₂ reduction (1 ERE = 1 kg CO₂eq), whereas HBEs were based on energy content. At the transition, 1 HBE was converted into 46 EREs. Read more in our article From HBE to ERE: what is changing?
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